Where Drive Economics goes deep
Analysis.
The Drive Economics analysis library organizes everything we publish — head-to-head case studies of real drivers in real markets, guides that pull patterns across the library, state-by-state incentive breakdowns, utility program deep-dives, and charging infrastructure analysis. Each format serves a different question. Each piece is grounded in specific data.
Category 01 · Head-to-head economics
Case Studies
One driver, one market, one head-to-head vehicle comparison. Each case study names the person, states their annual mileage, applies their local utility rates and gas prices, and walks through the 5-year math line by line. When the analysis produces a gas-wins verdict, that's what we publish. When it produces a coin-flip result, we say that too. Eighteen studies live so far, spanning nine EV wins, four gas wins, three hybrid wins, and two ties — variety in outcomes that no honest analysis can avoid.
Tesla Model Y vs. Toyota RAV4
Denver family, 18,000 mi/yr. Xcel EV Accelerate subscription plus Colorado state credit. Model Y wins by $3,304.
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Volkswagen ID.4 vs. Tiguan
Portland software engineer, 14,000 mi/yr. High Oregon gas + cheap PGE EV rate + $2,500 state rebate stack. ID.4 wins by $8,935 — most decisive in the library.
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Ford F-150 Lightning vs. Gas F-150
Dallas contractor, 22,000 mi/yr with light towing. Reliant Truly Free Nights EV rate. Gas F-150 wins by $5,311.
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Category 02 · Cross-library analysis
Guides
Guides answer the questions case studies can't answer alone — questions that require pulling patterns across multiple markets and vehicles. Round-up analyses, best-of rankings by use case, buyer's guides, and analytical frameworks that reference specific case studies where the framework has been applied. Three guides live below.
When a hybrid beats an EV
The math behind hybrid vs. EV decisions. Three variables — mileage, fuel-electricity gap, incentives — determine the crossover. Worked framework with references to Boston, Denver, Portland, and Chicago case studies.
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When luxury EV economics work
The four conditions that determine whether luxury EV economics actually overcome the depreciation reality: exceptional efficiency, expensive gas, rate-discipline advantage, and higher mileage. When all four hold, luxury EVs win on cash and TCO. When any one fails, depreciation dominates. Worked framework with references to Menlo Park (Lucid Air), St. Louis (Genesis GV60), and Naples (Cadillac Lyriq) case studies.
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Best EVs for cold-weather commuters
Which EVs actually work for cold-weather commuting? Ranked recommendations based on heat pump adoption, real-world range retention, and thermal management sophistication. Cross-references case studies from Chicago, Detroit, Seattle, and Golden CO.
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More guides in development — buyer's guides by mileage tier, EV depreciation analysis, and use-case rankings.
Category 03 · State policies and utility rate design
State and Utility Programs
State-level EV incentives and utility rate programs jointly determine whether an EV makes financial sense in a given market. State credits provide a one-time purchase-side boost; utility rate design determines the recurring per-kWh cost that plays out over five to ten years of ownership. Both matter, and they interact — a well-designed utility EV rate can save thousands more than a modest state credit, while an aggressive state rebate can rescue an otherwise-marginal utility environment. This category consolidates both: state-by-state policy analyses documenting incentive landscapes, alongside utility deep-dives on the rate structures EV owners actually pay under.
State Policy Analyses
First state analysis live. Massachusetts, Oregon, California, New York and additional states with active EV programs in development.
Utility Rate Deep-Dives
Xcel Energy Colorado's Residential Time-of-Use Rate
Xcel Colorado does not offer a separate EV tariff — EV owners enroll in the standard Residential Time-of-Use rate. Two-tier structure, 5-9 PM weekday peak, verified 2026 rates. Disciplined EV owners save 35-40% on vehicle energy; poor discipline can actually cost more than standard residential.
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Xcel Colorado EV Program Analysis
Xcel offers three EV programs beyond its base rate: a $500 Smart Charger Rebate, a $50/yr Optimize Your Charge DIY discipline program, and a $150/yr Charging Perks program managed by WeaveGrid. For compact EV drivers under 9,600 mi/yr, Charging Perks credits exceed annual charging costs — Xcel effectively pays you to own an EV. Includes specific scenarios for Kia EV6, Rivian R1T, and Tesla Model Y drivers.
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Con Edison NY EV Rate Analysis
Con Edison offers two paths for New York EV owners: Rate III (whole-household TOU with $0.052/kWh off-peak delivery) or SmartCharge NY (stay on flat rate, earn $0.10/kWh cashback plus $175/yr summer bonus). Counterintuitively, the "residential TOU rate" is actually the trap — SmartCharge NY wins at every mileage level while avoiding Rate III's hidden household-wide summer peak penalty. Includes NYC and Westchester summer AC context.
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Deep-dive · Massachusetts
Eversource
Eversource MA EV Rate Analysis
Eversource offers two paths for Massachusetts EV owners: R-4 TOU (whole-household with ~$0.225/kWh off-peak) or ConnectedSolutions (stay on flat rate, earn $0.05/kWh cashback plus $125/yr summer bonus). Break-even at ~10,400 mi/yr. Above that, R-4 pulls ahead on EV cost — but whole-household exposure to central AC and heat pump loads frequently flips the answer back to ConnectedSolutions.
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Deep-dive · Massachusetts
National Grid
National Grid MA EV Rate Analysis
National Grid offers two paths for central and eastern MA EV owners: R-2 TOU (whole-household with a wide 13-hour weekday peak window, 4 hours wider than Eversource's) or ConnectedSolutions (stay on flat rate, earn $0.05/kWh cashback plus $125/yr summer bonus). Break-even at ~8,300 mi/yr — lower than Eversource because R-2's off-peak rate is steeper. But the wider peak window makes household exposure risk worse.
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ComEd EV Rates: Rate BEST vs Hourly Pricing Compared
Three EV rate pathways for northern Illinois: Rate BEST (structured TOD), DTOD (delivery-only TOD with $2/mo EV credit), and Hourly Pricing (Rate BESH). Behavioral discipline determines which produces the best economics — Rate BEST wins for typical automated EV owners; Rate BESH wins only with ultra-strict 1-5am automation.
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ComEd Demand Response: What Each Program Is Actually Worth
Economic analysis of ComEd's three demand response programs for EV owners: Smart Charger Rebate ($1,000-$2,500 upfront with 3-year TOU commitment), Peak Time Savings ($500-$1,500 over 5 years, no commitment), and the coming Virtual Power Plant framework ($1,500-$4,000 estimated). DR value layers on top of rate choice — it does not substitute for it.
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Ameren Missouri EV Rates: Overnight Savers Plan Analyzed
Ameren Missouri offers two paths for EV owners: Standard Residential Service and the Overnight Savers Plan (~$0.085/kWh off-peak, ~32% discount vs standard). Modest but meaningful — approximately $900 in 5-year savings at 15,000 mi/yr. Missouri's $75 annual EV decal fee reduces net advantage vs gas alternatives. Also covers Ameren's $500 Charge Ahead charger rebate.
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PG&E EV-2A Rate: Is California's Dedicated EV Rate Actually Worth It?
PG&E offers dedicated EV rate EV-2A (~$0.31/kWh off-peak) alongside default E-1 Tiered (~$0.44/kWh blended). EV-2A saves up to $585/year at 15,000 mi/yr with disciplined off-peak charging, but requires at least 55% off-peak discipline to break even — undisciplined charging can cost more than E-1. Includes analysis of California's NEM 2.0 vs NEM 3.0 solar tariff regime interaction with EV economics.
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Southern California Edison EV Rate Analysis
SCE's TOU-D-PRIME rate is exclusive to homes with an EV, battery storage, or heat pump. Off-peak rates ~$0.26/kWh vs $0.34/kWh on default TOU-D-4-9PM produce meaningful savings that overcome the $24/month grid service charge for anyone above ~10,700 mi/yr. At 15,000 mi/yr, TOU-D-PRIME saves ~$585 over 5 years. Includes analysis of the discipline economics and Southern California summer AC exposure.
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PGE's Time of Day Pricing for EV Owners
PGE does not offer a dedicated EV rate — EV owners enroll in general Time of Day Pricing. Three tiers, unusually punishing on-peak rate ($0.4313/kWh, 4.8× off-peak). Disciplined charging saves 55% vs. standard residential; undisciplined charging costs more. Also covers Smart Charging Program and PGE+ rebates.
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DTE Energy Detroit's EV Program Landscape
Three residential TOU plans (default, alternative, and the EV-optimized Overnight Savers Plan) plus Smart Charging Rewards and a hybrid Home EV Charger Rebate (universal $500 + up to 100% for income-qualified). Notable for DTE's intentionally inverted winter Overnight Savers pricing that encourages 3-7 PM consumption to absorb wind overproduction.
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SDG&E EV-TOU-5: The Rate Design That Became a National Reference Case
SDG&E's EV-TOU-5 carries the largest utility-rate spread in America — 6× between Super Off-Peak (13.1¢/kWh) and On-Peak (80.3¢/kWh) summer. SDG&E Load Impact Research shows the 6:1 ratio is the specific threshold at which 90% of enrolled drivers shift load off-peak, up from 70% at 2:1. But compliance depends on charging automation, not price signals alone. What SDG&E's data reveals about rate design nationally.
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Category 05 · Where the plugs are
Charging Infrastructure
The EV question isn't just about the car — it's about where and how you charge. This category documents commercial and public charging investment programs, utility rebate structures for infrastructure deployment, and — as content develops — DC fast charging availability by metro, charging deserts analysis, planned buildouts (Tesla Supercharger expansion, Electrify America, EVgo, ChargePoint, IONNA), and the economics of home vs. public charging by driver profile.
DTE Energy's Commercial EV Charging Investment Programs
Three commercial rebate programs (DCFC up to $70K, eFleet up to $70K, Public L2 up to $2,500–$14,400) plus the Emerging Technology Fund. Distinguished by the multifamily income-qualified enhancement ($14,400/port for LIHTC and public housing properties) and the operational rigor of program requirements: 97% MPSC-mandated uptime, 5-year commitment window, and potential Contribution in Aid of Construction exposure on grid-constrained sites.
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First piece live — DTE commercial charging deep-dive. Additional coverage in development: metro-level charging density analysis (using DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center data), network operator comparisons, and city-by-city infrastructure rankings.
Category 05 · Complete EV library
EV Specifications
Full specifications for every electric vehicle in the Drive Economics library — 92 models across 32 makes, spanning 2024 through 2027 model years. Each vehicle has EPA range, MPGe efficiency, kWh/100mi consumption, MSRP, body style, and US availability status. Data refreshed quarterly from Electric Compare, EPA fueleconomy.gov, and direct manufacturer sources. Individual model pages cross-link to relevant case studies and drop directly into the EV Cost calculator for personalized ownership math.
The library includes globally-available models not currently sold in the US (Buick Electra L7, Rimac Nevera, and others) with clear availability badges. This reflects the reality that Drive Economics readers include international audiences and US buyers tracking upcoming market entries.
Browse the library
92 models. 32 makes. Filter by body type, price tier, model year, or availability. Sort by price, range, or efficiency.
Explore the complete library →